Can the Study of Politics Be Scientific or Not - 606 Words

PL 115 ASSIGNMENT Q. 2 The aim of this essay is to discuss â€Å"Can the study of politics be scientific or not?† and I will give reasons for my arguments. It will be divided into three parts: the first part is the introduction, the second part discusses politics and science then the last part concludes the essay. Keywords: Politics and Scientific DEFINITIONS Politics: There are various definitions of politics. i. Politics is the art of managing conflicts. Conflicts occur at different levels for example between two or more people, between communities and between countries that is when people compete for different positions and when we go to vote. ii. Politics can be understood as power and influence; that is it involves power,†¦show more content†¦Refuting the Scientific character of Political Science Maitland: an eminent English writer- observes â€Å"when I see asset of examination questions headed by the words Political Science I regret the question but the title† F.W Maitland: collected paper volume 11. Buckle another famous author also observes that â€Å"In the present state of knowledge, politics so far from being a Science is the most backward of all the arts.† (Buckle: History of Civilization Vol. 1 pg. 361). While analysis this statement of buckle the following comment of Dr. Garner on this statement is wo rth noting to his book â€Å"Political Science and Government,† Dr. Garner writes, â€Å"Buckle, however, did not deny a possibility of a political Science what he lamented was that so little attention had been given to the study of the state that as a systematic branch of knowledge it was to crude and undeveloped to be considered a Science.† Dr. Garner: â€Å"Political Science and Government,† pg. 13. Of the same opinion is J.S mill who wrote in 1843, â€Å"it is accordingly but of yesterday that a concept of political Science has existed anywhere but in the mind of, here and there, an isolated thinker, generally very ill-prepared of the realization.† J. S Mill: â€Å"System of logic,† pg. 547. The German scholars have gone to the extent of adopting analytical methods in order to give this subject theShow MoreRelatedWith Respect To The Concerning Question, There Has Been1473 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Study of Politics is a science. Aristotle descr ibed politics as the â€Å"master science†; Hobbs, Pollock, Bryce and many others have long considered Politics to be a scientific study. Inversely, Mosca, Comte and Maitland, among others, question its eligibility. †¨According to the Oxford Dictionaries, Science can be described as, â€Å"A systematically organised body of knowledge on a particular subject† where Science is split into two key types: natural and social. It can be claimed that Politics is aRead MoreIs Politics A Science?1058 Words   |  5 PagesIs politics a science in the first place? Numerous scholars believe politics is too normative to be considered a â€Å"Science† and that the generalizations made in science cannot be implemented in politics, furthermore, some say it is more of an art than science. Aristotle described politics as the â€Å"Master Science† as it relates to all other disciplines such as economy and philosophy. Personally I had my doubts in the beginning of the c ourse of how much science can be in politics and if it is truly aRead MoreIs the Study of Politics Best Considered a Science or an Art?1733 Words   |  7 PagesIs the study of politics best considered a science or an art? Since its conception as a formal academic discipline, Politics has existed on the fault line between two great fields of enquiry, the sciences and the arts. During the mid 20th century, with the rise of the behavioural movement, a general trend towards the â€Å"scientification† of the study of politics could be observed. The origins of this movement can be traced back to the logical positivism of the Vienna Circle and the writings of AugusteRead MoreWeberian Bureaucracy Essay1417 Words   |  6 Pagesbureaucracy. Weber’s studies developed more into the bureaucratic aspect, focusing on politics and administration. In his writing Politics as a Vocation Weber defined the state as being an â€Å"entity that possesses a monopoly on the legitimate use of physical force† and politics is the sharing of state powers between various groups and the political leaders that wield that power. Weber even wrote that â€Å" Bureaucratic administration means fundamental dominat ion through knowledge† As his studies of bureaucracyRead MoreFour Main Theorists Of The Classical Approach To Public Administration738 Words   |  3 Pageswhich was the Bureaucratic, Scientific, Administrative, and Managerial approach. Each area represented the four main theorists that the classical approach was associated with. Max Webers bureaucratic approach focused on the rational-legal model which viewed bureaucracy from a rational view and argued that bureaucracy is the most efficient and rational way in which one can organize the human activity and that hierarchies are necessary to maintain order. The scientific approach by Taylor accordingRead MoreEssay on Sociology and Social Sciences1144 Words   |  5 Pagesthe people in a modern society. Answer: 1.Psychology (How humans think influences most, if not all of the social sciences.)   2.Sociology (This helps figure out how society thinks. If you understand how society thinks, you can improve it.)   3.Political Science (Politics runs every country.)   4.History (This helps everybody now which ideas and actions were successful, and which ones were mistakes.)   5.Economics (Money also runs every country,obviously.)   6.Anthropology ( Everybody wants toRead MoreFeminist Perspectives On Gender And Science, Why Engage Genomics? Essay1581 Words   |  7 Pagesgenomics in current discussions of gender and sex is what makes the domain of genomics a point of feminist concern. Historically, science tends to support popular views of sex and gender due to pressures on scientists to produce empirical data that can be interpreted to support or â€Å"prove† current societal views as correct. Feminists, philosophers and other critical thinkers cannot afford to leave genetics to the geneticists; governments, corporations and other bodies of power will not simply acquiesceRead MoreProblems Of The And Boundary Work1392 Words   |  6 PagesBoundary Work One of the fundamental areas of study concerning professionals, including lawyers and scientists, is that of professional boundaries (Lamont Molnar). Where are the bounds of the profession? Who is included and who is excluded from the profession? One of the driving questions for scholars of science has been the demarcation problem, that is determining what is and is not included in science (Gieryn 1983). Historically, the social studies of science has divided between internal and externalRead Moreon killing a tree Essay1240 Words   |  5 Pagesemphasizes on scientific, objective and value free study of political phenomenon. This approach stresses upon the use of empirical as well as scientific methods of study political behavior. This approach shifts its emphasis from the study of the state and government to the day-today problems, activities and behaviour of individuals and groups. Behavioural approach has portraits individuals as center of attention and examines their behaviour, actions and tries to comprehend them through a scientific outlookRead MoreComparative Politics Essay1392 Words   |  6 Pagesknow no country.† – Seymour Martin Lipset. The scholar Guy Swanson once said, â€Å"Thinking without comparison is unthinkable. And, in the absence of comparison, so is all scientific thought and scientific research.† (cited in Ragin, 1992). As such, comparison is necessary for the development of political science. The ‘art of comparing’ can be seen as what experimentation is to most sciences – the principal and most effective way to test theory. (Peters, 1998) This essay seeks to describe the different

Psychology Studies Fundamental Attribution Error,...

I can definitely appreciate the Psychology studies so far from just reading and taking the time to understand the many Disorders that have been discussed in out textbook. In my simple mind I have begun to think that if there is any sickness, disorder or behavior in human beings it can be explained in terms of Psychology. That makes me believe that the study is not easy at all. It is as difficult as medical studies in trying to be a physician or a doctor. It requires an observant mind and much reading. Also a psychologist needs a lot of patience as samples of all types of disorders can be found around us everyday and these are our patients to observe and learn. In this written assignment we were asked to define the following terms: fundamental attribution error, cognitive dissonance, and diffusion of responsibility. By definition of the term fundamental attribution error also known as correspondence bias means we have a tendency to judge others on personal factors and overlook the actual situation that exists for this behavior. For example in a restaurant we see a customer give a huge tip to the waitress. We immediately think what a generous person this customer is. He/she very well might be generous but could it be that this customer really enjoyed the meal or the service of the waitress or overall the ambiance of the restaurant? So our immediate judgment was based on personal factor instead of knowing the actual situation that caused the customer to behave towardsShow MoreRelatedExplain the Impact of the Stanford Prison Experiment on Psychology and Behaviour1130 Words   |  5 PagesExplain the impact of the Stanford prison experiment on psychology and behaviour. 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ResearchersRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages6 †¢ Management Roles 6 †¢ Management Skills 8 †¢ Effective versus Successful Managerial Activities 8 †¢ A Review of the Manager’s Job 9 Enter Organizational Behavior 10 Complementing Intuition with Systematic Study 11 Disciplines That Contribute to the OB Field 13 Psychology 14 †¢ Social Psychology 14 †¢ Sociology 14 †¢ Anthropology 14 There Are Few Absolutes in OB 14 Challenges and Opportunities for OB 15 Responding to Economic Pressures 15 †¢ Responding to Globalization 16 †¢ Managing Workforce DiversityRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesmymanagementlab is an online assessment and preparation solution for courses in Principles of Management, Human Resources, Strategy, and Organizational Behavior that helps you actively study and prepare material for class. 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Incomplete Agreements On Trade In Services -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Incomplete Agreements On Trade In Services? Answer: Introduction Trade agreements helps in the determination of tariff and other import duties that are imposed on the country. Free Trade agreements are designed in such a way to reduce the barriers between two or more countries and thus it helps in the protection of local market and industries. These trade agreement affects the international trade of a particular country. The most important and large multilateral trade agreement is the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). This trade agreement is between Mexico, United States and Mexico. It has been found that NAFTA quadrupled to $1.14 trillion in 2015. These kind of trade barriers are usually in the form of tariff and different types of trade quotas. An example of this is Japans tariff that is imposed on Australian beef. The Free Trade Agreement also covers intellectual property rights, government procurement and different competition policy. These free trade agreements are designed in such a way to benefit the consumers. The Japanese expor ters will also lower the tariff in whitegoods, cars and economics items in Australia. It can be said that free trade agreement do not encourage trade liberalization that is effective like multilateral trade agreements (Park 2017). Australia has seven free trade agreements with Chile, Thailand, Singapore, US, Chile and ASEAN countries. Discussion The China-Australia Free Trade Agreement(chAFTA) was started on 20 December 2015. This has laid a foundation for the upcoming phase of economic relationship with China. The agreement will create significant opportunities for Australia in China and thus Australia can be regarded as an important exporter for different products and services and thus this has accounted for more than one-third of the total exports in Australia. The Government has welcomed the final recommendation of the Committee to take further treaty actions that needs to be taken in relation to chAFTA (Zhou and Zhang 2016). Australia has completed this domestic treaty and thus there has been exchange of notes with China on 9th December, 2015. The Committee of chAFTA has recommended that the government agencies and departments are the responsible agents for curbing unlawful activities that is associated with the Department of Immigration and Border Protection and thus it closely monitors the compliance that is associate d with visas to the temporary workers in China. More than 96% of Australias goods comes from chAFTA and China is eligible to enter the country with duty free tax or preferential agreement. Moreover, China also buys a majority produce of Australian goods and in 2016, it has been found that this has worth more than $10 billion to the Australian farmers. It can be said that chAFTA is advantageous for the agricultural farmers of Australia and the other management such as Canada, United States and European Union (dfat.gov.au 2018). The country has also encountered advantages over New Zealand and Chile and thus it is also enjoying FTA with China. It can be said that in the field of agriculture, chAFTA has eliminated tariffs on sorghum and barley that is produced in Australia and thus this has led to rapid trade reduction in the country. The tariff rate on dairy products will be lowered by 20% by 1st January 2026. On the other hand, tariff reduction in beef will be lowered by 12 to 25% and this will be effective by January, 2024. Moreove r, the tariff rate in wine will be lowered by 14 to 20% by January 2019. In relation to the continuous access of Chinas wool quota, it can be said that chAFTA has also brought a duty free quota on Australias wool (dfat.gov.au 2018). China is also regarded as the largest exporter for energy and other resource products. Australia has exported more than $74 billion worth of energy, resources and manufactured products to China. By December 2015, more than 92.8% of the imports of China has entered Australia with no such additional taxes and the other additional tariffs will be removed by January 2019. It can be said that on full implementation of chAFTA Australia will export more than 99.9% of the resources duty free. The key outcomes of this trade agreement includes: Thermal coal in which tariff upto 6% will be removed by January 2017. Coking coal where tarrif upto 6% has been removed by December 2015. Tariffs on pharmaceuticals including health products and vitamins will be reduced by 10% by January 2019. Tariffs on gold, LNG, iron ore and crude petroleum will be removed completely and thus this will provide greater certainty for the Australian exporters (gov.au 2018). chAFTA has driven innovative opportunities for Australian medical products. Moreover, the highly advanced and better equipped medical devices will be benefitted from chAFTA. Tariffs on hearing aids and other medical devices will be lowered to 4%. Moreover, Australian economy also benefits through trade in leather products, skins and hides with China and thus they will be benefitted from chAFTA. More than 9% of tariff on kangaroo hides and skins will be eliminated by 2019. The opal products in Australia will also be benefitted through chAFTA. More than 3% tariff on the unworked opals has been eliminated by December 2015. In 2016, it has been found that the export of opals and other valuable and precious stones to China will also be duty free and this will come into effect from 1st January 2019 (dfat.gov.au 2018). There were also some important threats of chAFTA for the Australain economy such as no tariff reduction on rice, wool, sugar, maize and wheat. Moreover, the firms in China ha s some important rights for the Australian government that will affect their interests accordingly. If the import of milk products or beef will exceed certain limits, the Chinese government has the discretion to apply these additional custom duties. The investors in China who are directly associated with the projects that will worth more than $150 million and thus this will receive additional insights and it will also bring the temporary workers to Australia without affecting the labor market (Hyde 2015). Conclusion The government has been trying for the long standing agenda criticism and thus made this trade agenda as one of the largest and the biggest policy in the country. The Productivity Commission has argued that the economic benefits of governments bilateral trade policy is important for the welfare of the economy. There are many democratic concerns and these special rights are granted in the corporations to ensure investor state dispute settlement provisions(ISDS). These ISDS has called the judiciary to play an important role in the debate that was alarming in the country. The treaty process in accounting has highlighted the different trade and partnership agreement and this is responsible for politicization and removal of democracy in the country. chAFTA had several flaws in the treaty making process and this negotiation has started in 2005. It can be said that till November 2015, the public mass has gathered idea of the agreement and it can be concluded that these negotiation has outda ted the other modeling figures and the proposed benefits of trade in the country (theguardian.com 2018). There was no such specific modeling after the treaty was passed in 2015 and the government has only released limited modeling in the three FTAs in North Asia. It can be said that more than $4 has affected the budget from lowering the tariff rate. The open ended argument in chAFTA could not be properly amended in the legislation (abc.net.au 2018). The government of Australia has also avoided the private concern of chAFTA and there were several critics based on these agreements. Therefore, it can be said that chAFTA has benefitted the economic relation between China and Australia and thus helped in rapid development of these two countries. References abc.net.au 2018.ABC News. [online] economics: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-06-17/china-australia-free-trade-agreement-pros-and-cons/6553680 [Accessed 17 Jan. 2018]. dfat.gov.au 2018.Australian Government. [online] Available at: https://dfat.gov.au/trade/agreements/chafta/fact-sheets/pages/key-outcomes.aspx [Accessed 17 Jan. 2018]. dfat.gov.au 2018.Australian Government. [online] Available at: https://dfat.gov.au/trade/agreements/chafta/fact-sheets/Documents/chafta-opening-new-opportunities-for-australian-products-in-china.pdf [Accessed 17 Jan. 2018]. Hyde, M., 2015. Key agricultural outcomes of recent free trade agreements.Agricultural Commodities,5(1), p.23. Park, T.J., 2017. Incomplete Agreements on Trade in Services: Causes and Problems-Applying Incomplete Contract Theory. financialL. Rev.,53, p.67. theguardian.com 2018.The Guardian. [online] Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/sep/11/australias-treaty-making-process-is-broken-the-china-free-trade-deal-is-a-case-in-point [Accessed 17 Jan. 2018]. Zhou, W. and Zhang, S., 2016. Beyond ChAFTA: China's (Ab) use of Anti-Dumping Measures.

The Day of Impending Doom School Again Essay Example For Students

The Day of Impending Doom: School Again Essay You wake up lazily during late morning with a smile on your face thinking, Thank God its summer! then the smile slowly fades. You throw the covers up over your head and your thoughts turn to the fact that today is the last chance you have of enjoying yourself. Today is the last day of summer its Labour Day and tomorrow is school. Labour Day signifies more than the day your supposed to stop wearing white after it is a legal holiday in Canada and the United States created by our governments. It takes place on the first Monday in September and it pays homage to labour. It also signifies the end of summer, and, to the dismay of students and relief of parents everywhere, the start of the school year. Forget about going out with friends, watching the trees grow or staying up to watch the late night movie; you have to throw in a wash, get your school supplies ready, plan what you are going to wear, and get to bed early. The life of freedom you have known for the last two months is about to end. We will write a custom essay on The Day of Impending Doom: School Again specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now But while you are madly dashing about your parents are sitting back enjoying their day off and dreaming about the days ahead. No more, Daddy, Im bored!, Daddy, Suzies picking on me!; Daddy, would it be possible to `borrow a couple of bucks? From now on they can enjoy their days off in silence and do as they please in peace. While you are trying to fall asleep at such an early hour, you start to think, Hey, maybe going back to school isnt so bad after all. I am glad it is Labour Day already. I long to see everybody, and actually I kind of miss it. At least the homework gives you something to do. Then, with a smile on your face, you slowly drift off and Labour Day is over. The next day at school, however, you realize that your thoughts last night were absolutely absurd and you again long for summer and dread labour Day, the yearly reminder of the day of impending doom.